ENDÜSTRİYEL KENEVİR ÜRETİMİ: YETİŞTİRME STRATEJİLERİ, SINIRLAMALARI, EKONOMİK BEKLENTİLER VE UYGULAMA ALANLARI
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Cannabis sativa- Kenevir Taksonomisi- Orijini- Dağılımı- Kenevirin MorfolojisiÖzet
Kenevir binlerce yıllık tarihi ile insanlarla ilişkisi en eski olan bitkiler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu denli sıkı bir ilişki beraberinde eski tarihlerden itibaren kenevirin kültüre alınmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Kültüre alma çalışmaları beraberinde bitkinin dağılış alanını arttırmış bununla beraber populasyonlar düzeyinde farklı formların oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Populasyon düzeyindeki farklılıklar bitkinin farklı tür veya tür altı takson olarak tanımlanmasına neden olmuştur. Kenevir ilk tanımlanmasından günümüze kadar çok farklı tür ve tür altı takson şeklinde tanımlanmış olsa da günümüzde tek tür olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kültüre alma çalışmaları sonucu farklı alanlarda yetiştirilen kenevir sadece morfolojik farklılıklar göstermemiş aynı zamanda fitokimyasal bileşik oranları bakımından da farklılık göstermiş ve bu durum tıbbi ve endüstriyel kenevir tanımlarının oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Ekolojik tolerans sınırının geniş olması kenevirin çok farklı bölgelerde kültüre alınmasını ve işlenmesini sağlamış dolayısıyla birden çok kullanımın oraya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Kenevir tarihsel süreçte yasaklanmış olması nedeni ile günümüzde hak ettiği değeri alamamıştır. Günümüzde artık kenevirden daha fazla faydalanmak için bazı ülkeler yeni politikalar benimsemeye başlamış ve kenevir üretimi önündeki engeller kaldırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu durum bitkiden daha fazla faydalanma imkanını ortaya çıkararak ve hak ettiği değeri kazanmasına olanak sağlayabilir. Doğru politikalar ile kenevir birçok ülke için önemli bir ekonomik gelir kapısı olabilir. Bu kapsamda buradaki amacımız, günümüzde iki yaygın adla bilinen Cannabis sativa’nın (Tıbbi Cannabis sativa/marijuana tip/marihuana and another one is known endüstriyel Cannabis sativa/lif tipi kenevir/endüstriyel kenevir) çok amaçlı bir bitki olarak bitkisel üretim sistemlerindeki hak ettiği yerini alması için genel tanımı, orijin bölgesi ve yayılış, taksonomik durumu ve morfolojik özelliklerini hakkında bir literatür taraması yapmaktır.
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