ARBUSCULAR MİKORİZAL FUNGUSLARIN BAĞCILIKTA BİTKİ GELİŞİMİ, HASTALIK, YABANCI OT VE NEMATOD MÜCADELESİNDE ETKİNLİKLERİ
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Mikorizalar toprakta yaşamını sürdüren fungal mikroorganizmalardır. Mikorizal funguslar birçok kültür bitkisinde kolonize olabilmektedirler ve konukçu bitkilerde etkileri değişkenlik göstermektedir. Mikorizal funguslar kolonize oldukları bitki kökünden besin elementlerini alırken bitkinin vegetatif gelişimini de teşvik etmektedirler. Bu funguslar aynı zamanda bitkilerin kökleri vasıtasıyla doğrudan alınamayan bazı elementlerin de bitkilerin bünyesine alınabilmesine yardımcı olmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte mikorizalar ürettikleri bileşenlerle konukçu bitki savunma sistemlerini uyarmakta, bu sayede hastalık ve zararlılara karşı bitkilerin daha dayanıklı olmasına yardımcı olmaktadırlar. Bu funguslar ayrıca birçok patojen, bitki paraziti nematod ve fungus ile de interraksiyona girmekte ve bu ilişkileri fungal gelişimlerini engelleyici veya teşvik edici ya da inerraksiyona girdikleri etmenin gelişimini etkileyici şekilde olmaktadır. Bağ alanlarında da birçok mikorizal fungus türü toprakta bulunmakta ve bunların asma köklerinde kolonize oldukları bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede mikorizal funguslar ve bağ alanlarında teşhisi yapılmış olan türleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu fungusların hastalık, yabancı ot ve nematodlarla olan interraksiyonları tartışılmış, asmaların gelişimlerine olan etkileri detaylıca açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
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