Türkiye’de Fasulyede Yapılan Morfolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyon Çalışmaları

Abstract

Turkey ranks third in the world after China and Indonesia in terms of bean production. Although Turkey is not a center of origin
for bean, this plant species adapted to almost all regions in Turkey and has been diversified at a significant level. Although
it was introduce to Turkey in the 17th century, the micro-gene centers of Southeastern Anatolia and Samsun-Tokat-Amasya
provinces have become centers of genetic diversity for bean, which is a widely grown vegetable species in Turkey. Genetic
resources are of great importance both for bean breeding programmes and for gene banks. Therefore, the plant characteristics
of the collected bean genetic resources need to be determined and the characterization of bean genetic resources is carried out
to reveal the amount and distribution of genetic variation among seed samples or populations. Genetic resources, collected for
any species, cannot be included into the breeding programmes as long as they are not characterized, and they may disappear
afterwards. Bean genetic resources can be divided into groups according to their morphological, agro-ecological and agricultural
characteristics. In particular, classification according to plant growth and seed types was/can be made. Phenotypic variability
in bean populations was/can be revealed by examining UPOV, IPGRI criteria for leaves, flowers, legs and seeds. In addition,
genetic variation in the bean populations can also be determined at molecular level using molecular markers. In this context,
in recent years, dry and fresh bean populations in the Central Black Sea Region (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Tokat, Amasya),
South of Eastern Anatolia (Bingöl, Bitlis, Elazığ, Malatya, Hakkari, Muş, Tunceli, Van), Eastern Anatolia (Erzurum, Bayburt)
and Artvin, Trabzon, Burdur provinces in Turkey were characterized at morphological and molecular levels. In bean-growing
countries, the genetic variability of bean populations was investigated locally. In this work, previous studies dealing with the
morphological and molecular characterization of bean in Turkey were investigated and the developments in recent years were
summarized.