KANNABİNOİDLERİN BİYOTEKNOLOJİK ÜRETİMİ
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Cannabis, Cannabinoids, Tissue culture, Microbial ProductionAbstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a plant with a multibillion-dollar international market due to its pharmacologically significant psychoactive chemical compounds known as cannabinoids. The recent legalization of its use for medicinal purposes has belatedly spurred studies on the production of this plant and its important components. Biotechnology-based cannabinoid production is a process that requires a biological system to provide the precursor isoprenoid units, coordinated expression of genes encoding enzymes in the entire biosynthetic pathway of the desired cannabinoids, and enzyme engineering strategies to utilize specific starting molecules. For cannabinoid production, cell and tissue culture studies in plants, as well as genetic transformation, present alternative methods to traditional production. Furthermore, in addition to transgenic plants, other heterologous hosts such as bacteria and yeast are being explored for the production of cannabinoids to modify and optimize the cannabinoid profile. This study compiles studies conducted to date in the fields of genetic engineering, biotechnology, metabolic engineering/synthetic biology for hemp production, hemp breeding, modification of cannabinoid content, and elucidation of existing pathways.
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