Alabalıklarda Probiyotik Uygulamalarının Bugünü ve Geleceği

Özet

Trout is one of the most important species in fresh water aquaculture and less commonly in marine aquaculture. The production of this fish is continually increasing. A lot of researches so far have unanimously suggested that the production methods with eco-friendly alternatives should be developed in order to achieve sustainability. Probiotics offer potential alternatives by providing benefits to the host primarily via modulation of the gut microbiota. Suggested modes of action resulting from increased favourable bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract include the production of inhibitory compounds, competition with potential pathogens, inhibition of virulent gene expression, enhancing the immune response, improving gastric morphology and aiding digestive function. A lot of researchers recommended that these alternatives can be used in order to cut down on antibiotics and some chemicals used in aquaculture applications. The application of probiotics may therefore result in elevated health status, improved disease resistance,growth performance, body composition, reduced malformations and improved gut morphology and microbial balance in salmonid aquaculture nowadays. However, the application strategies vary in industrial aquaculture. Since it is not easy to plan strategies for commercial applications, future studies should focus on practical applications on an industrial scale. It is also essential that microbe–host-environment interactions should be understood well so as to derive optimal use from probiotics. In the present study,
the probiotic treatments studied so far were reviewed. Probiotic selection, dosage levels, application strategies and durations and microbe–host-environment interactions were investigated in an effort to achieve sustainable aquaculture and suggestions are offered for future studies.