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Bitkiler diğer canlılar gibi uygun başka bir ortama göç etme yeteneğine sahip değillerdir, bu nedenle değişen çevre koşullarına uyum sağlama yeteneği göstermeleri gerekir veya üremeleri, büyümeleri ve gelişmeleri olumsuz etkilenir. Bitkileri olumsuz etkileyen tüm bu olumsuz durumlar, abiyotik ve biyotik olarak iki gruba ayrılan stres olarak adlandırılır. Soğuk stresinin bitki üzerinde iki temel etkisi vardır: düşük sıcaklık ve dehidrasyon. Bitkiler, farklı fonksiyonlara sahip proteinlerin ve özellikle transkripsiyon faktörlerinin ve bazı genlerin ekspresyon seviyelerini düzenleyerek bu strese karşı bir tolerans yanıtı oluştururlar. Burada doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak yer alan moleküller arasında kriyoprotektan proteinler, şaperonlar, transkripsiyon faktörleri ve kinazlar bulunur. Bu derleme makalesinde, soğuk stresine maruz kalan tıbbi bitkilerin adaptasyon sürecinde hücresel tepkilerinin moleküler düzeyde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
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