CD33 and Alzheimer’s Disease
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Alzheimer’s disease, CD33, sialic acid, amyloidAbstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is mainly characterized by impaired memory, is a rapidly growing clinical and public health issue due to the aging population. The neuropathological hallmarks of the disease include accumulation of senile plaques, composed of amyloid-beta, and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) cascade hypothesis suggests Aβ accumulation is the fundamental initiator and major pathogenic event for AD. Recent genome-wide association studies have illuminated cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) is a new genetic risk factor for AD. CD33 as a type 1 transmembrane protein is mediating the cell–cell interaction. In the brain, CD33 is mainly expressed on microglial cells. In AD brain, the CD33 level is found to be positively correlated with amyloid plaque burden and disease severity.
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