Antosiyanin Pigmentlerin Biyokimyası ve Analizi

Abstract

Anthocyanins are the most important of flavonoid pigments of plants. Researches shown that anthocyanins have important roles in floral
pigmentation, additionally, they serve functions in plants as signalling to micro-organisms, protecting against pathogens, ameliorating biotic
and abiotic stress. Anthocyanins have a 15-carbon base structure comprised of two phenil rings as called the A and B ring. Connected by a
three carbon bridge that usually forms a third ring as called C-ring. An increased number of hydroxyl groups on B rings of anthocyanins has
a blueing effect on the color. Three basic types of anthocyanins, pelargonidin (orange and pink colours), cyanidin (magentha colour) and
delphinidin (purple and blue colours) are occured according to the degree of hydroxilation. Flowers can also accumulate mixtures of
anthocyanin types, providing furter variation in colour. Improvements in methods and instrumentations used for analysis of anthocyanins
have made it easier and more sensitive. The number of identified anthocyanins are excess of 600, thus specific solvents and methods required
for individual anthocyanin analysis. Proper extraction and isolation procedure shall be follow by chromatographic seperation and purification
methods. Last step is quantification with specroscopic technics. In this article is compiled the chemical properties of anthocyanins and releate
to analytic technics.