Safran (Crocus sativus L.)’ın Farklı Eksplantlarından In vitro Koşullarda Bitki Çoğaltımı Hakkında Derleme ve Beklentiler

Abstract

Saffron, the costliest spice of the world, is an autumn-flowering, triploid male-sterile plant propagated vegetatively by means of
corms. Low multiplication rates and fungal infestation of corms reduce the productivity and quality, thereby restraining the availability
of planting material. Hence, in vitro propagation through organogensis and\or cormogensis is an attractive means of large-scale
production of disease-free cormlets and also a tool to facilitate a better understanding of the bio-chemical synthesis of Saffron secondry
products as well. Proliferation ability is dependant on genotype, explants, culture initiation time and copmisition of the culture medium.
It has been found that a high level of auxin-type growth regulating substances favored cell cultures of the crop, while low levels of
cytokinin may have diverse effects. Moreover, the medium solidified with cytokinins, particularly zeatin and the auxin 2,4-D are
essential for regular bud in vitro development. Microsurgery of apical buds followed by ethylene or ethaphon treatment increased the
cormogenic nodules and corm production, respectively. On the other hand, ethylen and ethaphon pretreatments, though affecting corm
production positively, inhibit leaf development. In the studies of direct adventitious shoot regeneration from ovary explants, full strenght
MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA produced the best response towards callogenesis with highest shoot number per ovary. on
the whole, the idealist induction toward shoot growth both in terms of leaf lenght and number, is on the medium with 0.54 µM NAA and
2.22 µM BA. Complementary studies are in progress to optimize maturation and germination stages of mentioned segments.