Proteomics techniques and their applications in cancer research

Abstract

Proteomics techniques have become extremely useful and popular in cancer research field providing comprehensive information
about carcinogenesis, and providing insight into identification of cancer related protein patterns nowadays, despite the fact that
progresses in genomics and transcriptomic techniques allow for advances in cancer researches. Proteomics, a set of technologies
focusing on all protein forms expressed in a cell, organ or organism depending on a function of time, age, condition and external
factors, plays crucial roles as a bridge between genomics and biology, and also provides information about what actually happens.
Therefore,there is an increasing interest in using of proteomics techniques for cancer research. Current proteomics technologies
including one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differential gel electrophoresis
(DIGE), fluorescence 2D difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), mass spectrometry-based methods (MALDI-TOF-matrix
assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight, SELDI-TOF-surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight,
ESI-TOF-electrospray ionization time of flight, tandem mass spectroscopy etc.), protein microarray, tissue microarray, stable
isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT), isobaric tagging for relative and
absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) etc. offer the opportunity of performing the detailed proteome analysis, and providepotential
solutions for early detection of cancerby providing powerful biological information to detect candidate tumor biomarkers.
Proteomics technologies and their applications that currently used in cancer research are summarized in this review.