Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi

INTERGRATED USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN GRAPE (Vitis vinifera) PRODUCTION

Anifa Mtanda — 2024-06-27

Grape (Vitis Vinifera) is among the horticultural crops which are consumed as fresh or processed products due to its nutritious importance. High yield and quality grape production are the major focus of grape producers and stakeholders in the value chain. However, nutrient availability is a challenge to reach the targets which cause deficiency of some essential elements for plant uptake. Fertilizer application, either organic or inorganic supports grapevine development accounting for the final yield and quality grape. Organic fertilizer for instance, farmyard, compost and/or vermicompost manure in grapes improves physical and biological properties of the soil by decomposition which makes major nutrients readily available for plant absorption. Supplementation of inorganic fertilizer in grapevines increases macronutrients and micronutrients which enhance plant growth and reduce nutrient deficiencies. Moreover, it provides essential elements required for wine making to produce quality wine. Nevertheless, the application of either organic fertilizer or in organic fertilizer alone has either positive or negative effects in grape production. Therefore, this review discusses the role of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, essential nutrient elements and the importance of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer as the effective approaches for the production of grape and quality wine.

AFETLERDE BULAŞICI HASTALIKLAR VE ENFEKSİYON KONTROL ÖNLEMLERİ

Demet TURAN BAYRAKTAR — 2024-06-27

Disasters in the world; In addition to the deterioration of social, economic and social structures and environmental destruction, it also causes negative effects on people's mental, physical and social health. If precautions are not taken to reduce the disaster damages that will occur in the disaster areas, there may be a significant increase in the disease and death rates in disaster victims due to post-disaster reasons. While epidemic risks and the likelihood of infectious diseases vary depending on the type of disasters, the ways of transmission of infectious diseases that occur after disasters also vary depending on the type of disaster. The emergence of infectious diseases is often not expected in the first days after a disaster occurs. In the first days, secondary outbreaks may occur against pathogens endemic to the disaster area. After natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes and hurricanes, infectious diseases such as diarrheal diseases, malaria, measles, acute respiratory infections (LRTI), typhoid, leptospirosis, meningitis, dengue fever, viral hepatitis as well as tetanus are frequently encountered. Therefore, it is vital to take preparedness measures before disasters occur to increase the ability to control infectious diseases and prevent epidemics.

CANLILIĞI BARKODLAMA VE BİLİMSEL UYGULAMA ALANLARI

Zübeyde Aydın — 2024-06-27

Specimen identification by DNA barcoding provides an attractive alternative to morphological examination in large-scale studies and works on cryptic, microscopic, or digested materials. By combining the strengths of molecular biology and bioinformatics, DNA barcoding was aimed at a quick and accurate means to recognize previously known, described, and named species. The appropriate DNA barcode markers applied to specific taxonomic groups of organisms are proving valuable knowledge for understanding species boundaries, community ecology, and the conservation of biodiversity. Specifically, the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology has great potential to support the versatility of the Life Barcoding.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ÇANAKKALE in TURKISH MARITIME HISTORY

Rüştü ILGAR — 2024-06-27

In this study, the development of maritime in Turks, the importance of Çanakkale ports and the lives of the great Turkish sailors from Çanakkale are examined. Çanakkale, which was called "Seafarers Bed" and gave many valuable maritime scientists and admirals to the Turkish maritime history. Maritime activities in Çanakkale have been preserved for trade purposes from ancient times to the present day, and efforts have been made to increase their numbers. The main ports in Çanakkale are Behramkale (Assos), Babakale, Gelibolu, Kilitbahir, Lâpseki, Ecebat (Maydos) and Çanakkale central port. The Turks initially gave due importance to these ports. Later, they made great efforts to develop trade through ports. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the province of Çanakkale had a bright settlement period together with Troy in ancient times, but after the establishment of Byzantium, it lost its former importance in the highway connection between Eastern and Western countries. It started when the coastal areas of Çanakkale turned towards the sea and Süleyman Pasha moved to Rumelia in 1354. In the development process of maritime, the country started to be settled on three sides by sea. He and his team are in Gallipoli, where the need for Turkish maritime began. This was the Ottoman Empire's first gateway to the Balkans and its first naval base. Shipyard construction started here in 1390 during the reign of Yıldırım Bayezid. Until the establishment of the Golden Horn Shipyard, the most important Ottoman shipyard was located in Gallipoli and the first seeds of the Ottoman maritime organization were laid here. The Ottoman Empire gave special importance to the port activities of Çanakkale, which was a trade gateway to the west. Turkish sailors from the province of Çanakkale entered the Ottoman navy and achieved great success. Especially Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha and Piri Reis left their mark on the world and were of great importance in making the Ottoman Empire the world master in maritime. Today, Çanakkale ports are commercially important with main Çanakkale Port-Kepez, İÇTAŞ, Akçansa Çanakkale Port.

TOPRAKTAKİ MİKRO VE NANOPLASTİKLERİN KAYNAKLARI VE EKOTOKSİKOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

BETÜL ÖZTÜRK — 2024-06-27

Plastics are an indispensable part of human life. Increasing plastic production and use results in an increasing amount of plastic waste accumulating in the environment and potentially breaking down into smaller pieces (micro and nano). Pieces smaller than 5 mm are generally defined as microplastics, while pieces smaller than 0.1 mm are defined as nanoplastics. These micro and nano plastics are pollutants that cause increasing ecotoxicological concerns in both aquatic and terrestrial environments and for human health. Large amounts of micro- and nanoplastics enter the soil through numerous routes, including plastic mulching, landfill disposal, and recycling of wastewater sludge. A small number of studies in recent years have demonstrated the formation of micro and nanoplastics in the terrestrial (soil) environment and their potential dangers. However, less is known about the size and type of micro- and nanoplastics in the terrestrial environment and, in particular, how much micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in soil, their possible sources, potential ecological and toxicological effects, and their interaction with the soil environment. This review provides an overview of the sources, formation and distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of micro and nanoplastic pollution in the soil environment, as a result of limited literature evaluation.

Keywords: microplastic, nanoplastic, terrestrial environment, soil, ecotoxicity