NEW INSIGHTS OF NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETS) IN AUTOIMMUNITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS¬¬¬
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Immune system, Neutrophils, NETs, autoimmune diseasesAbstract
Neutrophils are considered to be a part of the first line of immune defence. They can be detected in the bloodstream, where they can live for 6–8 hours, and in tissue, for up to 7 days. Phagocytosis, degranulation, cytokine production, and, the most recently discovered, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation are all strategies neutrophils use to defend their hosts. NETosis is a sort of neutrophil specific cell death marked by the release of the enormous web-like structures referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Two pathways of NETosis are known to date i) Suicidal/Classical Pathway which results in cell death, ii) Vital NETosis Pathway,in which the cell retains not only it's viability but also many of its effector activities are retained. Over the past decade and a half of research, it has been shown that NETs positively aid the body’s immune system in defending it from the pathogens. However, it has also been shown that neutrophils and NETs are not always beneficial to one’s body. They have been found at the sites of a multitude of diseases where they contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease by various means like presenting self-antigen to autoantibodies. In this review, the basic mechanism of NETosis, as well its role in some autoimmune diseases including Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type-1 Diabetes etc., along with various clinical applicationshave been discussed.
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