Metan Üreten Mikroorganizmalar

Abstract

Population of the world increase rapidly. The demand of the world economy for electrical and thermal energy in over 88% is covered
from non-renewable resources, mainly petroleum and natural gas. According to forecasts, the demand for fuels used for energy production
will be further increased. Methane is the major component (95- 98%) of natural gas. Methane, is created both in the natural environment and
through various human activities. Derived from the decay of organic material, methane is easily produced and abundant. Unlike fossil fuels,
which are formed deep underground after being subjected to high heat and pressure over millions of years. Methane is renewable energy
source. Similar to natural gas, methane has high energy content and is cleaner burning than coal or oil. Examples of methanogenic habitats
are freshwater environments (sediments, wetlands, swamps, paddy fields etc.), intestinal tracts of higher animals and insects, landfills and
anoxic bioreactors. In methanogenic environments organic matter is degraded by associations of fermenting, acetogenic and methanogenic
bacteria. Methanogenic bacteria are strict anaerobes at the end of anaerobic food chains, using H2 plus CO2 or formate as common carbon
and energy source. These microorganisms are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and pH, their development being inhibited by a
high level of volatile fatty acids and other compounds. This review provides an basic information to methane producing microorganisms.